Calculating machine having means



Jan. 7, 1941. .-A. KOTTMANN i 2,227,785

CALCULATING MACHINE HAVING MEANS FOR PERFORMING DIVISION y Filed May 20,1936 5 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 7, 1941. A, KQTTMANN 2,227,785

CALCULATING MACHINE HAVING MEANS FOR PERFORMING DIVISION Filed May 20,1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 7, 1941. A KQTTMANN 2,227,785

CALCULATING MACHINE HAVING MEANS FOR PERFORMING DIVISION Filed May 20,1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 4a @.96 7% /9/2; 77 7i f? 46 0 x L, 4 "m 3 ff mm 1L@ faffa o G t i la7 l d l CD Vy/ 22v y v I y? u u u I inve/#offAffe/weyvl Jan. 7, 1941. A, KOTTMANN 2,227,785

CALCULATING MACHINE HVING MEANS FOR PERFORMING DIVISION Filed May 20,1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 gm M ff @JM/33AM A fa/wey Jan. 7, 1941. A.KOTTMANN l 2,227,785

CALCULATING MACHINE AHAVING' MEANS FOR PERFORMING DIVISION Filed nay 2o,195e 5 sheets-sheet 5 @ig-J4- f'jfrmoemon A Uyl/.5 t /fottmann A www nPatented Jan'. 7, 1941 .PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING MACHINE HAVING MEANSFOR PERFORMING DIVISION August Kottmann, Sommer-da, Germany, assignor toRheinmetall-Borel; Aktiengesellschaft, Dusseldorf, Germany, acorporation of Germany application May zo, 1936, serial No. 80,891 InGermany May 23, 1935 1 Claim.

The invention relates yto lcalculiiiting machines having automaticallyoperating means for performing division.

Before proceeding to perform a division in known calculating machines ofthis kind, the amounts remaining in the machine from a previouscalculation are cancelled by hand, and the accumulator carriage ismoved, by hand, into the position suitable for, division. The dividendis then set inthe keyboard and the mechanism conditioned for addition isactuated so as to transfer the dividend into the accumulator; thetrans-v fer movement of the mechanism being registered in the revolutioncounter (quotient indicator). After the transfer of the dividend, therevolution counter .is set manually to zero and the dividend iscancelled from the key-board, also manually. The divisor can then be setin the keyboard and the automatic performance of the division be eieotedby depressing the division key.

In preparing for division, the dividend can also be yset directly in theaccumulator mechanism; but this is troublesome and .time-wasting becausethe accumulator mechanism Vmust iirst be zeroised and the accumulatorcarriage then pushed into itsright-hand end position and onlyinexperienced calculators proceed in this manner. Experience has shownthat one or the other manipulation is ofteniorgotten, so that errorsoccur.

Inautomatic-division calculating machines of l `the known kind,therefore, a large number of accumulator that isset for addition so thatthe dividend set lin the keyboard istransferred to the main accumulator,puts out of action the gear of the revolution counter (so that kthemachine v with certain cover plates lpartly broken away, of machinearranged-according to the movement to perform the aforesaid operation isnot registered therein) clears the keyboard, and disconnects t e motoragain.

A typical embodiment cf .the invention is inus-` trated in thedrawingsfin which Fig. 1 is a plan,

a calculating invention.

(Cl. 23S- 73) Fig. 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in Fig. 1 withcertain parts in section and of whichI the middle part is taken on linea-a of Fig. 12

and the upper part taken on line g-g of Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a partial planviewvof the electric motor driving the machine, together with theassociated gearing taken on line a-a of Fig. '12.* Fig. 4

` is a front elevation of the accumulator and parts of the clearingmechanism taken on line b-b of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a rear lelevation ofthecalculating machine. Fig. 6 is an elevation showing details of thearrangements shown in Fig-5. Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing a detailand. taken on line c--c of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken online d-d of Fig. 16 and showing the arrangement of automaticallycancelling the dividend set ln the keyboard.-

c Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8 showing the keyboard p'artly brokenaway to show the levers operated by theV division key, Figs. 14a, 14h,are

.side views of the details shown in Fig. 14, and

Fig. 15I is a top view partly broken away of a shown in combination witha calculating machine,

sold in America, under the trade-mark Mathemation" by the Ralph C.Coxhead Corporation, New York, and manufactured by the Rheinmetall-Borsig Aktiengesellschaft, Sommerda, Germany.

Such of the arrangements as are important in relation` to the inventionare described in the U. S. I

` In the embodiment shown, the division prepara- I, v

tion device'is made operative. by depressing the division preparing keyl, with the key lever 2 (Figs. 1 and 12). In depressing the key l ythebent portion 2p of the lever I depresses the key I.

.Through the shaft 20 and intermediate lever 2l (11213; 1), movement isthusimparted to the control bar 22, whichy throws-inthe clutch 23 (Fig.

3) and at the same time-by closing the contacts 24, admits current tothe motor, so that the latter actuates the casing of the differentialI2, through the clutch 23. 'I'he planet wheels I2. of this differentialgear, which revolve with the casing mesh with the sun wheels I0. and II. the first of which is fixed on the solid shaft I and the second onthe hollow shaft II. The solid shaft turns freely in the hollow shaft.The solid shaft I0 Fig. 2, which is an extension of the shaft IB'of Fig.3, carries the locking wheel t and, by'means of the bevel pinions 29, 30and spur pinions 3i, 3|. drives the casing of the differential I. 'I'hehollow shaft II carries the locking wheel 9 and by means of the pinionsIIb, I3, drives a cam I4 (Figs. 2 and 4).

In addition, on the division preparation key being depressed, the key l,acting through the shaft 20 and intermediate member 3., by-pass Dawl 4.and 4b, pushes the latching bar 4 (Figs. 2 and 7)--which is adapted tobe fixed in two positionsso that its projecting corner 5 engages in aradial slot in the locking wheel 8 on the shaft I0, and'its otherprojection 'I moves out of a radial slot in the locking wheel 9 on thehollow shaft II. In this way, the shaft I0 is locked and the shaft IIreleased so that the cam I4 is actuated by the motor. The parts 4, I and9 are clearly illustrated and described in Patents Nos. 1,846,207 and2,034,724 in which the parts 32, 20 and 22 of, Figs. 6, 7 and 8 in thefirst patent correspond to these parts and in the second patent theseparts are numbered III, II and I4 of Fig. 1 thereof.

A roller I! of the spring-controlled bell-crank levecr I6, runs on therim of the cam I4 which during the first half turn swings the lever I0in such a way its end I6. (Fig. 4) moves towards the right, and theplate I1 attached to said lever is pressed against the clearing devicesIl and I! of the main accumulator Il and revolution counter 55, theclearing devices being displaced and thus setting the accumulator tozero. U. S.

'Patents NOS.- 1,797,699 and 2,034,724 show the zeroizing mechanism.

.When the clearing is completed and the cam I4 proceeds to complete thefirst revolution, a spur 9., provided on the wheel 2, comes into contactwith the projection 1. on the bar 4, so that the wheel 9, together withall thevclearing members, is arrested, whereas the wheel I, and thereforthe` shaft III is released and motion can now be transmitted fromthe-motor to the casing of the differential Il, by way of the shaft Il,bevel pinions 29, 30 and spur pinions 3|, 3i.. After the clearing cyclethe lateral surface of the spur s. slides along the projection 1. of thebar 4 to move bar 4 rearwardly as described and shown in Figs. 6, 7- and8 of Patent No. 1,848,207. The clearing device shown is alreadydescribed in the U. S. Patent 2,034,724, and consequently, use is made,in the embodiment, shown, of a known `clearing device, for the purposesof the invention.

Any other kind of clearing device, however, may be employed.

The differential Il (Pigs. 1 and 2) isconstructed in the same manner asthe diflerential I2 (Figs.

3 and 12) already described. Its solid shaft llcarries the locking wheelIl. and drives the miler plate l5 of the accumulator carriage throughthe universal joint II, bevel pinions32. 03 clutch 03. shaft G4, bevelpinions O4. and I4 and shaft Il.. 'Ihe hollow shaft 13 (FlgQl) carriesthe locking wheel I3 and drives the main shaft 14 of the steppedactuator gears l. (Figs. 1 and On the division preparing key I beingdepressed its associated lever 2 rocks the intermediate lever 32 whichis pivoted on the pin 32. of the machine frame. The lever 32 is held inthe rocked position by the pawl 4I (Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 12), gnounted onthe rear side of the machine and controlled by the spring 40, therebylocking the key I in bottom position. A bail 42 (Figs. 1, 1l and 12),the one bent end 42. of which engages over the lever 32 is turned on itsaxis 43 (Figs. 11 and 12) when said lever is rocked. In so doing itpushes a pivoted latching bar 44 (Figs. ll and 12) in Fig. 11 towardsthe right, until the shoulder 45. engages behind the upper edge of thewall 46. A fork 41 (Figs. 14 and 14a) of the bar 44 disengages the tooth52 of a pinion 4l from a pinion 49 which drives the revolution counter55, by way of the pinion 54, said counter being thus put out of action.

'Ihe right end (Fig. 11) of the bar 44 bears against the pin. 1I. of thelever 1I (which turns on the pivot 10 on the machine frame) and rockssaid lever so that its projection 1I bears against the projection 12 onthe latching bar 22 whichI switches-on the motor and throws the clutch23 in, thus locking the bar 22 in the operative position.

The bar 22 is pulled forwardly (Fig. 3) by a spring 22., and to theright in Fig. 11. As soon as'the key 3 and the bar 44 are released thebar 22 is drawnA to the right (Fig. l1) and brings its projection 12against the projection 1I on the lower end of the lever 1I. the bar 22in engagement position by the arm 2I of the key 3 and by the bar 44through the pin 1I. and the lever 1I, do not mutually .affect eachother. The double locking Is necessary because the key 3, as will behereinafter described, is released at the instant the accumulatorcarriage is pushed into its right hand end position. I t the bar 22 werelocked only by the key 3, the motor 25y and the main clutch 23 would bedisengaged as soon as the carriage arrives in the right hand endposition, which would be wrong,

, because the divisor is not yet transferred to the main accumulator,the main keys are notyet released, and the drive of the revolutioncounter is not yet reengaged. In spite of release of the key 3 the bar22 must still be held in engaging position, which is effected by theadditional lock ing by the bar 44 and lever .1I. This further locking isreleased only when the division preparation is completed. In Fig. 11 thebar 22 is shown .in position of rest, in which it is: drawn by thespring 22.I to the right (Fig. l1), because as soon as the bar 44 isreleased and Athe lever 1I turned counter-clockwise by the spring 1I.(Fig. 11) the bar 22 under the action of thel spring 22. at onc'efollows the projection 1I. of the lever 1I, so that the projection 12 ofthe bar 22 always lies against said'projection 1I. l

In operating the key I, the lug '2. (Pig. 12) of the key lever 2 rocksthe bell-crank lever II (Pig. 1) pivotally mounted on the pin I4.. Thelever Il pushes .the control bar |10! the dinerential Il as described inU. B. Patents Nos. 1.848.207 and 2,034,724 whereby the locking wheel Il,and therewith the gearing 4olf the accumulator-. is locked, whilst thewheel 4I. and therewith the accumulator carriage shifting mechanism. isre- The two lockings of l ispushedtowardsthe riaht until itreachesits"end position there. At each turn of the shaft Il,

. the nose 34 of the locking wheel Il. pulhesvthe control bar l1temporarily towards the leftJsut it 7| time by the spring 51, whichtends to hold the pawl-like extension 56s of the bell-crank` leverl 55in the position shown in Fig. 1 so that, as a matter of fact, theaccumulator carriage can be pushed, through any convenient number ofactuating steps, towards the right, although, at each turn of the shaft60, the control bar 51 is temporarily pushed into the position in whichit locks the shaft 60.

' Shortly before the accumulator carriage reaches its end position onthe right, its pin 69 (Figs. 1, 5 and 12) encounters the pawl 4I,thereby releaslng the lever 32 and the division preparing key, so thatthese members return into neutral position under the action of springs.`'Ihe key 3 is also released at the same time as the key I, and returnsinto neutral position, the lever 56 passing into a position in which itsresilient extension '156s no longer tends to push the control bar 51(Fig. 1) towards the right, the bar 51 then re maining in the positioninto which it is pushed by the nose 65 that is in the left handposition. However, the carriage shifting mechanism is then locked andthe shaft 14 driving the stepped actuator gears is actuated. Thedividend previously set in the keyboard 83 is therefore transferred intothe accumulator, but the machine movement is not indicated in the.revolution counter, because -the latter is set out of action by thedisplacement of the bar 44.

On the right end of the shaft 14 which rotates in Figs. 8, 9 and l0counter-clockwise and moves the stepped actuator gears 50. is a cam 15s(Figs. 8 and 9) whichwhen the transfer of the dividend into theaccumulator is finished encounters the tip 11a of the lever 11. The cam15a rocks the lever 11 on its pivot 16 in such a way that through theagency of the lever 19, which turnson the pivot 18 it turns the clearingmember Bl on its pivot 8in. By this means the locking bars, 82 (Fig. 10)of the keyboard are moved out of the locking position, so that the keys83 return into neutral position thus clearing the dividend in thekeyboard.

At the same time, the pin 84 of the lever 11 raises the bar 44 (Figs. 9and l1) so that its shoulder 45a is moved away from the upper edge ofthe wall 46. Consequently, it returns into neutralposition under theinfluence of the spring 4S (Fig. 11). In this way, the revolutioncounter again comes into operation, and the lever ti releases the bar 22so-that the motor 25 is switched off and the clutch 23 disengaged.

The 'preparation for division is now completed, and the divisor can besetr in the keyboard and the division can be performed automatically bydepressing thedivision key 81.

Consequently, all that is needed for performing the division withthecalculating 'machine according to the invention is to set thedividend, then depress the preparation key, set the divisor and depressthe division key, whereupon the other operations for performing thedivision proceed ,in a perfectly automatic manner.

0n the division key 81 being depressed, the

toggle levers 88, 88.. whichv turn on the pivots 88s and 88e on themachine frame and are connected instead of through the bevel pinionsV52, 63. The

-direction of rotation of the roller plate 55 of said carriage shiftmechanisml is thereby reversed and pushes the accumulator carriagetowards the left (as is required for automatic division) and no longertowards the right as before. As soon as the division is completed andthe division key returns into neutral position, the clutch 53. is thrownin again and the clutch 89 disengaged, thereby preparing the carriageshifting mechanism for traverse of the carriage towards the lrightagain.

' device of the keyboard. It is not until the division key 81 hasreturned into neutral position after the divisionV is completed, thatthe tip 11. again comes4 within reach of the cam 15a, so that, now

` the division is completed, the divisor is cancelled;

The cancelling device of the main keyboard 83 can also be put out ofaction by depressing the key 96, whereupon the projection 91h01 thelever 91 presses on the free arm ofthe i `ell-crank lever 94, thusrocking the latter and t lthdrawing the tip 11s of the llever 11 fromthe action of the cam 15a.

'I'he means whereby the key 81, the toggle levers 88, 88s,v and theslid'ng ybar 93 are moved by the lever 92, is shown in Figs. 15, 15a and15b. The stem of the key 81 has two ramps 81a, 81h, which on depressionof the key rock the levers 88 and 92. The lever 88a moves the lever 88,and the lever 92 which latter is pivoted at 92s moves the bar 93 to theright in Figs. 9 yand 10, and downwardly in Fig.,15. v l

By the depression of the division key 81, the drive for the accumulatorcan also be 4conditioned for subtraction by known means, the divisionbeing performed, for example with the automatic device represented in U.S. Patent 1,846,207.

The embodiment shown represents the invention in combination with acalculating machine which is arranged for automatic multiplication (aswell as division), and also for addition and subtraction.

The automatic multiplying device and thereturn mechanism of the machinemay, for example, be designed as described in German Patent 580,027.Since the multiplying device and a carriage return mechanism whichautomatically returns the carriage to its initial position after everymultiplication does not constitute a feature of the invention, they willnot now be described so again. I

The key 3, which is depressed along with the preparing key I also forms,in relation to the depressionof the key will set the-multiplication inoperation and upon return movement-of key 3 thecarriagefreturnvmechanism is set in operation. In preparing fordivision, the means automatically controlling the multiplication areinoperative, nothwlthstandlng the depression of the multiplying key. I,because no multiplier is set in the multiplier key-board and in thesetting members subordinated thereto. However, directly themultiplicationkey yI returns into neutral posit'ion, the accumulatorcarriage is automatically returned into the original position by thereturn device provided in the machine. This, however, must be preventedin preparing for the division, as described in German specification No.580,027.

For automatic multiplication, the carriagereturn device is connected upas soon as-during the return of the multiplier key 3 into neutralposition-the bar 31 (Figs. 1. 5, and 6), is pushed rearwards out of themachine, and so strikes against the bent end 36s of the sliding bar 36mounted on the lever 35, to rock said lever so as to bring the bevelpinion 38 into gear with the bevel pinion 3B.

In preparing for division, the connecting means for the carriage-returnmechanism is rendered inoperative inasmuch as, in depressing thedivision key I, the lever 32 (Figs. 12, 5 and 6) actuated by said keyturns the bell-crank lever 33 (Figs. 5 and 6) mounted on the rear sideof the machine which pushes the bar 36, by means of the intermediatemember 34, and so withdraws the plain end 38h of the bar 36 from theinfluence of the bar 31 which initiates the return stroke of thecarriage.. In German Patent No. 580,027l there is individually describedhow the end 36s of the bar v3.-comes into operative contact with the bar31.

In said German patent other reference characters are used than in thisspecification as, the bar 31 by I5 (its end by 14.), the lever 33 by 23,the bar 36 by 24, and the end 33s by 34s, the conical wheels 38, 39 by23 and 3Q.

In the example shown, the mechanism for division preparation consists oftwo serially disposed diii'erentials I3, il. This design is preferredbecausel the differentials to which the division preparation mechanismis to be applied are already present in the calculating machine. Forautomatic multiplication, the first differential I2 present in themachine serves, every time the machine is set for a new multiplication,to cancel automatically, in the first place, the product of the previousmultiplication and thereafter only to switch the motor over to themultiplication gear. The second dierential 53 serves for alternatelyactuating the accumulator m and the shifting mechanismv of theaccumulator carriage, for automatic multiplication and automaticdivision, in accordance with the particular calculating operations to beperformed.

The machine 'to which the invention is to be applied also alreadycontains the cancelling device icr the main keyboard according to Figs.'8 and 9. In this machine it serves, in cases of addition andsubtraction, for the prompt automatic cancellation of the values set inthe main keyboard, after the' addition has been performed. In this caseagain, an existing device is utilized for the purposes of divisionpreparation. A different arrangement may however be employed forcancelling the digits set up in the main keyboard.

In the embodiment shown, therefore, use isv made in connection with thepurposes of the invention, of existing mechanism. The only new devicesin the machine shown are the division preparation key (Figs. 1 and 12);the key lever 2 (Figs. 1 and 12); the lever 32 (Figs. 1 and i2): pawl 4I(Figs. l, 5, 6 and 12); pin 63 (Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 12); bell-crank lever56 (Figs. 1 and 12); angular bail 42 (Figs. l, l1 and 12); latching bar44 (Figs. 1, 11 and 12); lever 1| (Fig. 11); pin 84 (Figs. 8, 9 and l1);bell-crank lever 33 (Figs. 5, 6 and 12), and the intermediate member 34(Figs. 5 and 6). Thus, there are altogether 12 new members in themachine, all of which can be conveniently and cheaply made by stampingand bending, without any unusual requirements in respect of accurateworkmanship.

These members combine with existing known mechanism in a novel mannerand bring them into properly co-ordnated operation to prepare fordivision. The existing known mechanisms therefore constitute members ofthe assembly for preparing for division.

I claim:

In a calculating machine capable of performing division by automaticrepeated subtraction having an accumulator, a revolution counter, atraversing carriage in which said accumulator and counter are mounted,drive means for the accumulator, drive means for the revolution counter,a keyboard for setting up amounts in said accumulator drive means,carriage shifting mechanism, key release means, an electric motor, driveconnections between the shaft of the motor and the accumulator drivemeans and the counter drive means and the carriage sluiting mechanism;the combination of a control mechanism operable to engage and disengagesaid various drive connections to complete preparation of the machinefor automatic division initiated only by the keyboard operationsspecifically associated with division, means actuated by depression of akey to cause ysaid control mechanism to disengage the counter drivemeans from the motor shaft .when said division setting is elected and tostart the motor, means for engaging the motor shaft with the driveconnection of the carriage shifting mechanism, means actuated by thecarriage at the end of its traverse to cause the control mechanism todisengage the drive connection ot the carriage 4shifting mechanism andengage the drive connection of the accumulator drive means whereby thesaid drive means effects transfer` of the dividend previously set up onl,the keyboard into the accumulator and at the end of this transferactuates the key4 release means, and means actuated at the end of thistransfer to cause the control mechanism to first re-engage therevolution counter drive means and to break the drive connections ofAthe accumulator drive, and then to stop the motor, said controlmechanism electing said drive operations in the sequence stated.

' AUGUST KO'I'I'MANN.

